HIV vaccine in Thailand
The Challenge of HIV : HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a highly complex virus that mutates rapidly. It targets the immune system, making it difficult for the body to mount an effective defense. Developing a vaccine against HIV has proven to be exceptionally challenging due to the virus’s ability to evade the immune response.
Vaccine Trial Centre: HIV Vaccine Project Timeline (1)

1997
- Safety and Immune response of gp120 MF59 subtype B alone Or Subtype E HIV vaccine - Safety and Immune response of gp120 alum subtype B/E AIDSVAX@ B/E vaccine IDU(s)
1999
- Immune response of ALVAC-HIV vaccine+gp120 B/E vaccine boost - Efficacy trial of AIDSVAX® B/E vaccine
2002
Efficacy of HIV-1 vaccines ALVAC prime AIDSVAX® boost
2001
Immune responses of additional boosts in RV144 participants (RV305)
2003
Safety of MRKAd5 HIV vaccine
Vaccine Trial Centre: HIV Vaccine Project Timeline (2)

2011
Immune responses of additional boosts in RV144 participants (RV305)
2013
HIV vaccine (prime-boost regimen) with additional boost (RV306)
2014
A Phase 1/2a Study to Evaluate the Safety/Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Homologous Ad26 Mosaic Vector vaccine regimens or A26 Mosaic Heterologous vector vaccine regimens, with high-dose, low-dose or no clade C gp140 protein plus adjuvant for HIV prevention (HIV-V-A004)
2015
Safety and Immune response of Ad26 HIV vaccine prime with Variable boost vaccine (HIV-V-004)
2016
Randonmized, Double Blind evaluation of late boost strategies for HIV-uninfected Participants in the HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trial RV144: “Aventis Pasteur Live Recombinant ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) Priming with VaxGen gp120 B/E (AIDSVAX B/E) Boosting in HIV-uninfected Thai Adults” (RV305a)
2017
Longitudinal study among both men who have sex with men for HIV-1 infection (RV348B)
2021-2014
Randomized, Double Blind Evaluation of Late Boost Strategies with IHV01 (FLSC in aluminum phosphate) and A244 with or without ALFQ for HIV-uninfected Participants in the HIV Vaccine Trial RV306 / WRAIR 192 (RV546)
AIDS vaccine clinical trial, first generation, in cooperation with Bangkok, Mahidol University, US Department of Disease Control, Supported by VaxGen Inc.

- The Phase 3 study of the AIDSVAX vaccine B/E strain (AIDSVAX® B/E) in volunteers, particularly focusing on drug addicts who use intravenous injections. Additionally, there’s testing of the experimental AIDS vaccine targeting the E strain, which is prevalent among drug users in Thailand.
- The knowledge gained from this research study has led to the development of a second generation vaccine based on the prime boost concept.

- Picture of AIDSVAX Vaccine Vaccination from newspaper. The first dose of the B/E strain AIDS vaccine (AIDSVAX® B/E) has been administered to volunteers. This marks the first time in the world that its effectiveness has been tested in Phase 3 of the AIDS vaccine trial for B/E strains.
- It’s the first time in the world where testing has been conducted on the E strain vaccine (E), which is the strain circulating among drug addicts in Thailand who use intravenous injection.

The AIDSVAX B/E research project has been recognized for its ability to conduct research that meets standards. It is internationally accepted by the World Health Organization and the Oversight Committee, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. These things make Thailand a world leader in HIV vaccine development. It is the first time in Thailand and the world.
AIDS vaccine clinical trial, 2nd generation (prime boost concept), in collaboration with the Thai Ministry of Public Health, Mahidol University, U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), The Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), and National Institutes of Health, United States (NIH US)

- This phase 3 clinical trial used the ALVAC®-HIV vaccine as the priming vaccine, followed by stimulation with the AIDSVAX vaccine B/E (AIDSVAX® B/E). It stands as the largest Phase 3 project globally, with 16,402 volunteers participating in the study.
- It’s the first time in the world, research has revealed the effectiveness of this primer-booster trial AIDS vaccine, demonstrating a 31.2 percent reduction risk of infection over three years. This discovery instills hope among scientists, researchers, and individuals worldwide, suggesting that this knowledge could accelerate the development of new vaccines.

The results of the research resulted in new knowledge for the first time in the world that the AIDS vaccine is effective and can be applied to further the study of the AIDS vaccine in South Africa. This makes Thailand a world leader in HIV vaccine development. From the research results of the ALVAC®-HIV vaccine and the AIDSVAX® B/E vaccine, TIMES magazine ranked them as one of the 50 inventions of the year. (The 50 Best Inventions of the Year) of medical discoveries (Medical Sciences) and was one of the 10 Medical Breakthroughs in 2009.

Interview to NHK World during NewsLine on “AIDS research project in Thailand”

Interview to NHK World during NewsLine on “AIDS research project in Thailand”
Expands on the success of HIV vaccine in Thailand
2021
Randomized, Double Blind Evaluation of Late Boost Strategies with IHV01 (FLSC in aluminum phosphate) and A244 with or without ALFQ for HIV-uninfected Participants in the HIV Vaccine Trial RV306 / WRAIR 1920 (RV546)
2017
Longitudinal study among both men who have sex with men for HIV-1 infection (RV348B)
2016
Randonmized, Double Blind evaluation of late boost strategies for HIV-uninfected Participants in the HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trial RV144: “Aventis Pasteur Live Recombinant ALVAC-HIV (vCP1521) Priming with VaxGen gp120 B/E (AIDSVAX B/E) Boosting in HIV-uninfected Thai Adults” (RV305a)
2015
Safety and Immune response of Ad26 HIV vaccine prime with Variable boost vaccine HIV-V-A004
2014
A Phase 1/2a Study to Evaluate the Safety/Tolerability and Immunogenicity of Homologous Ad26 Mosaic Vector vaccine regimens or A26 Mosaic Heterologous vector vaccine regimens, with high-dose, low-dose or no clade C gp140 protein plus adjuvant for HIV prevention (HIV-V-A004)
2013
HIV vaccine (prime-boost regimen) with additional boost (RV306)
2011
Immune responses of additional boosts in RV144 participants (RV305)

Expands on the success of HIV vaccine in Thailand
Building on the success of the AIDS vaccine development project, a precursor-to-booster trial (RV144), researchers have continued studies on several other vaccine projects, such as the RV305 project. This knowledge has been further developed into a vaccine against the C strain (C ) and added a strengthening substance called MF59 (MF59) called research HVTN702 (in 2017)

Project RV306, a phase 3 clinical research project in parallel with the development of a groundbreaking vaccine. Using the adenovirus 26 (Ad26), the HVTN705 study is a Phase 2B clinical trial testing efficacy in South Africa. Thailand has participated in experimental AIDS vaccine testing since the beginning. Therefore, it is known as the country that has the strongest vaccine development capability in Asia.